Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
University of Diyala / College of Engineering / Department of Architecture Iraq / Diyala
Abstract
Abstract: The construction and buildings sector are one of the most energy-consuming sectors, accounting for one-third of the world's total energy consumption and one-third of the world's CO2 emissions, this leads to environmental, health and psychological damages for humans and society, with an increase in other urban problems in city. This is result of reliance on fossil fuels, construction materials and excessive consumption of natural resources that cause an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Concept of green buildings has emerged with sustainable trends in fields of architecture and urban planning. It is considered an integrated architecture with environment and nature. It reduces pollution rate to 1/6 of world's CO2 emissions. It provides a safe, comfortable and healthy environment for human and reduces the consumption and preservation of natural resources, for future generations by recycling waste, wastewater, roofs and green facades, and use of suitable building materials with the environment, as well as integrated design with buildings and urban context in terms of formation and direction of buildings and use of sustainable building materials and use of renewable energy and others. The climate in Iraq, especially in summer, is characterized by high temperatures. It is more than 50 °c, with winter temperatures dropping and uneven significantly between summer and winter, so we need buildings that consider the requirements of human thermal comfort, reduce energy consumption and natural resources, and provide a healthy and psychological environment, to reduces emissions harmful to environment. There are many obstacles to establishment of green buildings in Iraqi cities, most important of which are laws and legislation that require its legislation to suit technological advances in architecture, as well as technical, and social constraints and others.
المستخلص: یعتبر قطاع البناء والابنیة من اھم القطاعات المستھلکة للطاقة، اذ تمثل ثلث استھلاک العالم من ً CO2 فی العالم، وھذا یؤدی الى حدوث عن انھا تسبب بثلث انبعاثات اجمالی الطاقة، فضلا مشاکل بیئیة وصحیة ونفسیة للإنسان والمجتمع مع زیادة للمشاکل الحضریة الأخرى فی المدینة، وھذا ناجم عن الاعتماد على الوقود الاحفوری والمواد الانشائیة واستھلاک مفرط للموارد الطبیعیة التی تسبب الزیادة فی الانبعاثات البیئیة المسببة للاحتباس الحراری. ان مفھوم الأبنیة الخضراء ظھرت مع التوجھات المستدامة فی مجالی العمارة وتخطیط المدن وتعتبر عمارة متکاملة مع البیئة والطبیعة، اذ تعمل على تقلیل نسبة التلوث الى 1/6 من انبعاثات CO2 فی العالم، وتوفر بیئة امنة ومریحة وصحیة للإنسان، وتقلل من استھلاک الموارد الطبیعیة والحفاظ علیھا للأجیال القادمة عن طریق إعادة التدویر النفایات ومیاه الصرف الصحی، ً عن التصمیم والاسطح والواجھات الخضراء، واستخدام مواد بناء ملائمة مع البیئة، فضلا المتکامل للأبنیة والسیاق الحضری من حیث تشکیل وتوجیھ الأبنیة واستخدام مواد البناء المستدامة واستخدام الطاقات المتجددة وغیرھا. ً فی فصل الصیف بارتفاع درجات الحرارة، اذ تزداد عن یتمیز المناخ فی العراق وخصوصا ً وتفاوتھا بشکل کبیر بین فصلی الصیف 50 درجة مئویة مع انخفاض درجات الحرارة شتاءا والشتاء، بالتالی نحتاج الى ابنیة تراعی متطلبات الراحة الحراریة للإنسان وتقلل من استھلاک الطاقة والموارد الطبیعیة وتوفر بیئة صحیة ونفسیة ملائمة تقلل من الانبعاثات المضرة بالبیئة. ھناک الکثیر من المعوقات التی تعترض على انشاء الأبنیة الخضراء فی المدن العراقیة واھمھا القوانین والتشریعات التی تحتاج تشریعھا بما یتلاءم مع التقدم التکنولوجی فی مجال العمارة، ً عن المعوقات التقنیة والمالیة وغیرھا. فضل
Keywords
Main Subjects
Bachman, Leonard R. (2003) “Integrated Buildings: The System Basis of Architecture” John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, USA.
Bang, Cathryn & Partners (2010) “Integration of Nanotechnology Materials for Green Building” Nanomaterials application for green building, Healthcare Architecture Planning, Interior, New York, USA.
Barnett, Dianna Lopez & Browning, William D. (2007) “A Primer on Sustainable Architecture” Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI), Green Development Services, USA.
Barrows, John & Iannucci, Lisa (2009) “The Complete IDIOT'S Guide to Green Building and Remodeling” ALPHA Book, A member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
Bauer, Michael & et al., (2010) “Green Building – Guidebook for Sustainable Architecture” Springer – Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Stuttgart, Germany.
Edwards, Brain (2005) “Green Building Pay” E & FN Spon, an Imprint of Routledge, London, UK.
Energy Star (2006) “Energy Star ® and other Climate Protection Partnership” Annual report, EPA United State Environmental Protection Agency, USA.
Garrison, Noah & Horowitz, Cara (2012) “Looking Up: How Green Roof and Cool Roof Can Reduce Energy Use, Address Climate Change, and Protect Water Resources in Southern California” Natural Resource Defense Council (NRDC) report, Emmet Center on Climate Change and Environment, UCLA School of Law, USA.
Haglund, Bruce & Rathmann, Kurt (1995) “Thermal Mass in Passive Solar and Energy Conserving Building” Vital Signs Curriculum Material Project, USA/
Hui, Sam C. M. (2002) “Sustainable Architecture” Sustainable Architecture and Building Design (SABD), USA.
Lang, Jones & Meghraj, LaSalle (2008) “India Green Building Anthology” Jones Lang LaSalle Meghraj Property Consultants Pvt. Ltd., India.
Strong, David & Burrows, Victoria (2017) “A Whole-System Approach to High-Performance Green Buildings” Artech House, Boston, London.
Woolley, Tom & Kimmins, Sam & Harrison, Paul & Harrison, Rob (2005) “Green Building Handbook” vol. 1, Spon Press and Taylor & Francis Group. Boston, London.
Words & Images (2008) “Green Building: Understanding, Bidding and Building Green” Foundation of the Wall and Ceiling Industry (FWCI), USA.
Yudelson, Jerry (2007) “Green Building A to Z: Understanding the Language of Green Building” New Society Publishers, Canada.
Kamwa, Ghada Mohamed Ismail (2015) "Green Architecture Systems in Sustainable Environmental Design" PhD thesis, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
Younis, Ghada Mohammed (2011) "The Human Dimensions of Green Architecture: The Privacy of Japanese Architecture (Nikken Sekkei)", Rafidain Magazine, Faculty of Engineering, Mosul University, Issue 4, Volume 19.
)
